Bioterrorism and Disease management, Communicable disease Prevention Essay

Bioterrorism and Disease management, Communicable disease Prevention and Control - Essay Example The planning, evaluation and implementation of programs meant to prevent or control communicable diseases require nurses to first identify the nature or type of communicable disease and the mode of transmission (Heymann, 2008). The second step is the development of the manual indicating the common symptoms that are shown by the disease and then devising the preventive measures that the public should take to avoid being infected. This first step is essential to enable the nurses immediately devise a public awareness campaign that informs the public regarding the outbreak of the communicable disease and the manner in which it is transmitted, as well as the most common and observable symptoms that the public should look out for (Heymann, 2008). The second step helps the public to avoid contacting the communicable disease through its various transmittable ways, by observing and then applying the preventive measures. The nurses also develops he right treatment procedures for the affected population, while applying other preventive measures such quarantines and isolations where necessary, most especially when the disease is categorized as contagious (Schlipkà ¶ter& Flahault, 2010). The Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines bioterrorism as the deliberate act of releasing of harmful biological, living microorganisms or their products to the population, with the intention of causing illnesses or even death to the target population (CDC, 2007). The target population for bioterrorism could be humans, animals or plants, which are targeted for destruction by the bioterrorists, with the intention of generating and accelerating fear and panic among the public. This is owing to the fact that the biological destruction can be gradual and less noticeable than the physical destruction, and thus capable of causing more panic and anxiety (CDC, 2007). The positive effect of

Operations Manager of a Manufacturing Plant Essay

Operations Manager of a Manufacturing Plant - Essay Example Finally, operations officers raise concerns about the inefficiency of production schedules. An in-depth look into all levels of operations isolates a possible core reason: there seem to be too many suppliers. Arrow Ahead needs to understand that the number of suppliers does not necessarily equal excellence in process management. Remembering that operations management requires the cautious supervision of processes in producing and distributing products and services, Arrow Ahead must review where else it may have failed to carefully manage their practices. A good hard look at the flow of the organization and how each stage of the process come into play will benefit and ultimately restore the health of Arrow Ahead. This in turn will ensure that the company will stay efficiently afloat in the industry for a long period of time. Having established that Arrow Ahead has overbooked suppliers, the first step is to analyze how supply is being managed. As it is possible that the company has booked different suppliers for a singular purpose but for various reasons, there is a need to review all the suppliers they work with and create a shortlist based on Arrow Ahead’s experience with each one. Has this supplier always delivered on time? Is the quality of goods, materials, or services consistently excellent? Do they operate on sound commercial principles? Does working with this specific supplier minimize purchasing risks? If there has been any chance that the supplier was issued corrective action by the company, did they work on it? Would the company rate the relationship with the supplier highly? The responses to these questions will help Arrow Ahead develop a preliminary strategy that is proportionate to the impact they would like on operations. However, this is only an initial step towards solid supply management. The next phase would be to continuously monitor the performance of each supplier, in order to predict when something may threaten the

Gender stereotypes and perceptions in society

Gender stereotypes and perceptions in society Stereotype refers to the cognition aspect of feeling towards a given group of people. It is the picture that most people engulf in their minds about other people. However the picture painted by people with regard to other people is not necessarily a true depiction of the reality. Stereotypes hold the fixed view that people of a certain community or group exhibit specific character traits, which influence their behavior in general. Stereotypes as regards gender, refer to certain traits presumably adhered to males and females in the society, that define and distinguish these genders. According to Mynhardt, the two genders (males and females) portray traits which are both negative and positive. Gender stereotypes have far reaching consequences and cannot be taken only on face value. The issue of gender stereotyping is deeply entrenched in our society, that it has gone to an extent of defining the status of people and the positions people hold depending on gender. For instance, the chara cter traits associated with women are regarded to be unfit for positions of a higher stature. This kind of attitude is not new even in the developed world. For instance at the height of campaigns in the United States, there were numerous debates on and off the media on whether America was ready for a woman president. This certainly illustrates the biased perceptions that more often than not prevent women from reaching the positions at the highest level, simply because of the gender. There are certain aspects of everyday life that are traditionally attributed to males and females in the society. The manner in which the men and women carry themselves around is fundamental to the definition and distinction of gender in general. There are acts both of omission and commission that are associated with each gender. However as days go by, the society undergoes transformation and so do the traditions and cultures that shape and influence the society as whole. In the family set up for example, the different roles are distributed depending on gender. There are also perceptions relating to the behavior of people that distinguish what are expected and what is not expected from people of a given gender. For example sensitivity, dependence and expression of emotions are considered feminine in nature. The men on the other hand are expected to exhibit traits such are bravery, independence, assertiveness and none of those traits that are associated with the women. However these c ultures that build perceptions continue to fade with each passing day. As a result, there are many incidences of deviation from gender roles prescribed by society. The violation of these gender role stereotypes are accompanied by consequences largely due to the perceptions held by the society. Violation of gender role stereotypes The reception to those who deviate from the normal traits associated to their respective genders is no bed of Roses. The manner in which the violators are treated is no doubt unfavorable in most aspects. The reception however differs depending on the environmental set up and more so whether the person is male or female. In the event that males and females deviate from the roles prescribed by society as regards their gender, the males are more likely to receive a hostile reception. The women on the other hand, will most likely receive little attention. This all has to do with the issue of status in social aspects. There is the general perception that the masculine traits occupy a higher stature than feminine traits. Looking at the issue of sexual orientation, for woman behaving in a masculine way, it does not raise eyebrows, however if a man were to behave like a woman, this will no doubt be a big deal. The man will most certainly be referred to as a homosexual. In the work place howe ver it is the women on the receiving end in the event of deviation. A woman who is charge of a given organization will most likely receive an unfavorable evaluation compared to a man, if she acts in a manner that violates the perceived traits of women and takes the route of a leader which is authority and commanding results in the work place. Social perception of males and females who violate gender role stereotypes There are numerous perceptions as regards the question of gender role violation. However according to Sirin, Selcuk R., McCreary, Donald R., Mahalik, and James R. authors of the journal of menà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s studies, the notable social perceptions revolve around social status, sexual orientation and the dissimilarity of value. The perceptions exhibited are most of the time firmly in the grip of culture and are subsequently fuelled and driven by the traditions of the people in the society. The issue of culture and tradition set aside, expectations also play a significant role. There is a general expectation from both genders on the manner in which the other gender should behave. One thing cut across the divide and this is the fact that women anchor the expectation that men should display masculinity. The same is anticipated by men who are of the view that women should be feminine. Any sort of trait that does not meet the above expectations, it is considered a violation of gender r ole stereotype, which is accompanied by negative perceptions. For a long time, gender has maintained a significant influence in the manner in which people conduct themselves in the society. The issue of status as regards the males and the females is what dictates the way in which males and females are regarded in the event that they violate the prescribed code of conduct that is attributed to their respective genders. According to Feinman, in relation to the social status model, he writes that the men have a status that is superior to that of women. Going by the model on social status, then men will more often than not face an unfavorable evaluation, should they violate the prescribed code of conduct for their gender this is because, the violation means that they lose class when they deviate from a status of a higher nature to a status that is low. For women whenever they deviate from perceived traits are assumed to be transforming from a lower status to a higher status. Hence the social perception with regard to the violation of gender role st ereotypes is positive to a large extent. This is no doubt something that is rife in the society, as a matter of common societal law, to whom much is given a lot, is expected. For instance woman who dresses and behaves like a man will most likely go unnoticed or may even command respect from people around. This however is not the case in men. A man who dresses and behaves like a woman will most likely be despised. To a large extent this is all attributed to the distinction of the social status between the men and women. According to Feinman the male role is more valuable than that of the female. He further writes that it is acceptable for women to adopt the roles of men rather than men take up the roles of women. Violation of the gender role stereotype has consequences for both the males and the females. However there is no denying the fact that, the reception received by the males as regards their transgressions is more hostile compared to the women. If anything the women may in some instances be perceived in a positive way. The issue of desire is the other frontier for the perceptions of gender stereotypes. According to Sadalla, Kenrick, and Vershure (1987), men who show traits of not being dominant are deemed to be undesirable. This perception is however not just directly related only to the dominance aspects, but to all traits in general. There is the general perception that, men who exhibit traits that are a deviation from the known male traits are not desirable especially from the womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s point of view. The other perception that is anchored in the minds of the people is the issue of respect in the society. This directly affects men in a negative way and does not have any negative impact on women who violate the gender role stereotype. It is perceived that, men who deviate from the normal societal norms loose respect from their peers and even the society in general. For women on the contrary, the perception is that, they will command respect and admiration from their peers in the event that they deviate from the prescribed societal code for the female gender. The perceptions on women who violate the gender role stereotype is not at all constant, it keeps changing depending on the environmental set up. For the men however, the perceptions when they deviate from the gender role stereotype are the same and fixed, at no time will the transgression committed by men receive a positive evaluation. Conclusion The gender stereotypes and overall stereotyping continues to not only shape but also influence the behavior of all people regardless of the environmental setup. As illustrated above, the burden to conform to societal norms associated with gender is more often than not rested on men to shoulder it. This is not to say that women do shoulder any negative perceptions, the women too have their fair share of tribulations that arise from the gender role stereotype. Even so, regardless of the environmental set up, the perception is that the men will always get a hostile reception when they violate the gender role stereotypes compared to women.

A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay: Aspects of Love -- Midsummer Nights

Love in William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream  Ã‚  Ã‚      Love is a very inaccurate word,   as it can be used in many different ways.   It can be used to describe an object which one particularly likes,   or to describe ones feelings towards a person.   However it does not rest at just these two points.   Love for someone can be in a material sense (sexual),   or in a more moral sense for example.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Some of the various aspects of love are mentioned In William Shakespeare's,   Midsummer Night's Dream.   Here we are presented with the various characters,   and their conflicts,   which all have something to do with love.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The most important relationship in the play is that between Titania,   the queen of the fairies,   and Oberon,   who is the king of the fairies.   Oberon seems to love Titania in the sense that he wishes to dominate her,   and also be her king.   Their relationship is about authority and dominance. After a quarrel Titania does not wish to have anything to do with Oberon anymore.   Oberon is angry at this,   and takes out his anger on Titania,   by placing a spell on her.   He squeezes a drop from a special flower onto her eyes,   which will make her love the ugliest beast she is to come across.   This then happens to be Bottom the weaver,   whose head is turned to that of an donkey.   Through Oberon and Titania's little dispute,   the entire world seems to be tipped upside down.   Oberon is generous when it comes to dishing out his love potion,   which confuses everything for the "real people" (in other words not meaning the fairies).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Amongst the people,   there are also some disputes,   that can be directly related to love.   Lysander and Demetrius are both in love with Hermia,   who only loves... ...for who he was,   but for what she saw.   Their relationship had nothing to do with a romantic and passionate love,   but mainly consisted out of lust and desire.   Titania desired Bottom,   and was obsessed over him as a result of the magic potion. So by A Midsummer Nights Dream we can see some of the many aspects of love,   and are familiarised with them.   The various relationships between the "real" characters,   and the fairies (king and queen).   Of course there are a few more aspects one might mention,   however many are very similar.   Love basically consists out of many different factors.   There should be the love of a person that comes from the heart,   but there is also a side of you that desires the other person in a physical way.   Love is not just a simply definable word,   but love is a highly complicated act of expressing ones feelings towards another person.

Introduction to Communication in Health Essay

List below the different reasons why people communicate: Communication is an integral part of life. Communication satisfies our constant need to relate to others, and have them relate to us. We use communication for numerous reasons, including; persuading, to seek information, to express emotion. Explain how effective communication affects all aspects of your own work: If you don’t show effective communication the person/people you are communicating to may not understand what it is you are saying/asking. They may also misinterpret what you mean therefore giving you an invalid response. Explain why it is important to observe an individual’s reactions when communicating with them: It’s important to view reactions, because only partially of communication is verbal, meaning that you are gong to be missing out on a large part of communication if you aren’t paying attention to peoples facial and bodily reactions. Face-to-face communication is the strongest and tightest coupled method of communication we have. Read more:  Different reasons people communicate  essay Explain how you have found out about an individual’s communication and language needs, wishes and preferences: Asking the service user, talking to colleagues, reading care plans and medical notes, asking relatives, are the ways to found out about an individual’s communication and language needs, wishes and preferences. List the barriers to communication: Language barrier Psychological barriers Gender barriers Culture barriers Emotional barriers Physical barriers If no ability to form ideas or to use a relative method of interacting with someone. Personal incompetence in communicating in an appropriate way with other people. Use of jargon or slang. Too much information – not able to process everything and take any more information in. Explain how you have identified sources of information and support or services to enable more effective communication. Translation Services – Can help with changing written text from one language to another. Interpreting Services – Can help in converting spoken language to another language. Speech & Language Services – Can support people who have had a stroke and have problems with their speech. Advocacy Service – Can support people who are unable to speak up for themselves. This service tries to understand the needs, wishes and preferences of people, and will argue on their behalf. Explain the term ‘confidentiality’ and how you implement it in your workplace: Confidentiality has been defined by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) as â€Å"ensuring that information is accessible only to those authorized to have access†. Confidentiality is defined as keeping something secret, specifically relating to private information or communications. Confidentiality relates to the duty to maintain confidence and thereby respect privacy. Under the ethical principle of respect for a person’s autonomy, public health workers have an obligation to respect privacy. Describe situations where information normally considered to be confidential might need to be passed on: Sometimes confidential information about a client may need to be passed on to others. If there is a risk of danger or harm to the client, or other people, if abuse is suspected or if there is suspected misconduct by/of a colleague, in respect of care of a client. You must inform the client why the information needs to be passed on to others, and that it is your responsibility to do so. Explain how and when to seek advice about confidentiality: This will be outlined in company policies and procedures or codes of practice. The Data Protection Act 1998 was made to protect a person’s personal and sensitive information.

Decome Et Decorum

â€Å"Heartland† written by Linda Hogan has underlying messages a reader must carefully pay attention to in order to fully understand the poem. Hogan describes â€Å"City Poems† as her analysis of city life and how she appreciates it which can seem complex when reading her poem. She begins the poem describing how rare silence in the city can appear to people, constant traffic from vehicles and voices of people traveling the streets. Then she understands what the â€Å"city poems† other authors write about and how life in the city is constantly surrounded with common images related to city life such as yellow hard hats and beggars.I feel like Hogan feels a connection with city life and she has learned to appreciate it. I think the author identifies â€Å"city poems† as poems about the chaos people endure in the city; that the city may not seem enjoyable to most. The chaos that the city brings can take a toll on a person and can leave them questioning their life. Lines seven to ten describe how people pray and â€Å"feel the heart beat in a handful of nothing† which I interpreted it as meaning that the city can drain people of whatever they have and leave them with nothing.When people have nothing to fall back on, faith holds a powerful connection to people who seek support to help put back the broken pieces of life and by praying, a higher power can bring an answer to their prayers. However, Hogan seems to find the beauty and joy that the city brings and describes it in her poem, â€Å"Heartland†. I think that Hogan enjoys the city life with the detail in lines eleven to seventeen, where she describes construction workers, beggars, pigeons, and peoples’ regurgitation on metal.I interpreted the statement â€Å"human acids etching themselves into metal† as how many people travel to the city to become famous and make a name for themselves which the â€Å"human acid† being written onto the metal represen ts a person â€Å"writing there name in stone†. In stanza three, line twenty, Hogan writes â€Å"listening hard to the underground language† where the â€Å"underground language† refers to the lingo of the streets of the city where people of the city understand one another and can communicate with each other, even if they are not speaking the same anguage. When growing up anywhere, a person picks up certain characteristics of their society. Specifically, when growing up in the city, a person MUST learn the rules (language) of the city to succeed. The â€Å"underground language† is hidden within the city, where â€Å"outsiders† ponder upon conversations on the street, trying to figure what it really means. When Hogan writes â€Å"listening hard† I think she refers to taking