Gender Inequality Within The Workplace - 1724 Words

What is the root of feminism? There are many things that will anger you in life and getting played less than a man for the same job is one of them. Women are capable of getting a job, but we still fall behind due to unequal wages between women and men for the same duties. Gender inequalities are a huge factor in the workplace. There is a lot of tension when it comes to women being over worked. The amount of responsibilities that women have, from work to home and everything in between, is ridiculous and it is all based on the gender roles that society has developed. Lastly, what really triggers feminism is the world expecting all women to portray themselves as sex objects and then to getting criticized for it. Understanding sex, gender, how they link together and the input of society clarifies why women a treated this way. A persons sex is a biological trait. A human being will contain this trait form birth. Society uses sex to categorize people. A human being will either belong in the female or the male categories; a decision that will be made based on chromosomes, genitalia or some other physical ascription. Furthermore, there needs to be a discussion of gender if there is going to be a discussion of sex . Gender depends on the roles of individual take based on their sex . The roles that a certain sex has depend on how society has shaped and defined sex . There are also cultural roles that are applied to male and female. GenderShow MoreRelatedGender Inequality Within The Workplace1379 Words   |  6 Pages  Gender inequality refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender. It arises from differences in socially constructed gender roles as well as biologically through chromosomes, brain structure, and hormonal differences. There is a natural difference also in the relative physical strengths of the sexes. In the workplace Income disparities linked to job stratification Wage discrimination exists when workers are equally qualified and perform the same work butRead MoreGender Inequality Within The Workplace Essay1502 Words   |  7 Pagesmovement of promoting gender equality is exponentially growing every year; however, gender inequality is still a persistent problem in today’s workforce. Each year, gender inequality, especially employment equity, the distinct barrier between genders in the workforce, has become a topic of contention as its affecting working individuals worldwide, especially women. Before examining this problem, we must further understand what gender inequality is in the workplace. Gender inequality is an ascriptive factorRead MoreGender Inequality Within The Workplace1323 Words   |  6 Pagesalways been praised for freedom and equality. However, there is a notable area of inequality in the workforce: the gender pay gap. In the Unites States, a woman makes, on average, a mere 78 cents to the dollar earned by a man. This statistic has remained steady and has only seen a small 18 cent increase in the past few decades. A majority of the wage gap is due to unsound social biases. Because gender inequality in the workforce is fueled by complex factors such as biases, it requires a complexRead MoreGender Inequality Within A Workplace2144 Words   |  9 PagesAlthough over time it is clear to see that gender inequality is becoming a smaller problem in today’s society, it must also be noted that it does still exist, even in the most developed parts of the world. The UNDP, 1997 in its Human Development report, stated that ‘no society treats its women as well as its men’ and to some extent this is true. However, in this essay I will be discussing different opinions and related studies in order to come to a conclusion regarding the truth behind this commentRead MoreGender Inequality Within The Workplace Essay1209 Words   |  5 PagesGender Inequality in the Workplace The generation now has made it easier to equalize men and women but there is still a substantial amount of places where gender inequality is still happening in the workplace and where females still face discrimination. Women are often discriminated in the workplace and are usually not promoted as quickly as men are and they also receive less pay. History shows that women have not always been defined as property and thought of as second class citizens. But inRead MoreGender Inequality Within The Workplace1469 Words   |  6 PagesGender inequality in the workplace has always existed, but I don t know that you could say it s getting worse, you could say that it is spreading to new fields as they are coming into existence. The STEM fields we have today such as, Cyber Security, Cyber Gaming, and Nanotechnology are still very young fields but gender inequality has still managed to take a foothold in these new fields. This is probably the best place to start the movement toward equality because many of these fields simply relyRead MoreAchieving Gender Inequality Within The American Workplace Essay1462 Words   |  6 Pagespercentages of women in leadership roles will help secure gender inequality within the American workplace which is currently not present. In the workplace it can be especially difficult for women to reach positions of great power because they’re often targets of discrimination and disrespect. In the essay Lean In: What Would You Do If You Weren’t Afraid? Sheryl Sandberg gave us her experience of her feeling this gender discrimination at her workplace. Sandberg that she was listening to a guest of honorRead MoreGender Inequality Within A Competitive Athletic Workplace870 Words   |  4 Pages101 December 9, 2015 Gender Inequality What are the types of gender inequality in this world? Inequality is when there are two things that are not the same. For example, antonyms, they are when two objects don t have similar qualities. This means there are differences between the two. It can be beneficial or very discriminating. The definition for gender inequality is the unequal treatment, or perceptions of individuals based on their gender. Gender inequality is between the male andRead MoreGender Discrimination And The Workplace1356 Words   |  6 Pages2.1 Introduction For many decades now it has been said that there has been inequality in the workplace, it has been a major issue in the workplace in terms of women not being allowed to have certain jobs as well as in terms of women not being promoted within the workplace which all contributes to women being paid less than men. According to Ryan and Branscombe (2013), gender discrimination has been defined as the differential treatment members of one group receive compared to another by many socialRead MoreGender Inequality In Australia Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pagesdominant partner, who belongs primarily to the public sphere. These historic gender norms have been deeply imbedded within Australia’s social foundation, and although society has gradually shifted away from these roles, evidence suggests that this gender inequality still riddles the modern day workplace. Liberal feminist groups have embraced this issue, and have classified it as being a true barrier to achieving the ultimate gend er equality goal. Consequently, these liberal feminists along with general

Should the Chinese Government Ban the Internet Censorship Free Essays

Qing Yuan ESL114 Section G Ryan Salvador May 3, 2012 Should the Chinese government ban the internet censorship? Since the birth of internet, people have been bombarded with different kind of information every day. Internet is a network that connects the data of different private computer networks and organizational computer groups from people or organizations around the world (Merriam-Webster Dictionary). As a result, people are looking forward to having access to any kind of websites of their interest, and receiving the latest information about what is happening around their countries or around the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Should the Chinese Government Ban the Internet Censorship? or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, things cannot be as perfect as expected. It is noticed by many people that many countries have set barriers to the internet in their own areas. China, which has the largest population of web users among the world, has created the most advanced surveillance system for internet monitoring (Rohde, 2011). The system is known as â€Å"Great Firewall†Ã¢â‚¬â€also called â€Å"the Golden Shield Project†, and is designed to sift out pornography and commercial frauds, but simultaneously blocks certain search terms for the government’s own purposes (McDonald, 2012). However, nobody is satisfied to be a frog in a well which can only perceive scenario above the wellhead but nothing beyond. So the internet censorship has provoked a fierce controversy in the society. Many people including some groups of experts argue for humans’ equal rights to know true and latest resources of information around them. The Chinese government should no longer conduct their censorship program because every person has the right and freedom to know what is going on around them. If the Chinese government insists on this project, people would be trapped in a vicious cycle because the continuity of information blocks would affect the next generation which doubles its effect on people’s ignorance and it would do nothing but fool its own people. First, in China, people’s words online are carefully inspected which means people do not have the freedom to say what they want, but rather only what are permitted by the Chinese government. According to a study by the Language Technologies Institute at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, more than 16 percent of all messages which are posted by web users in China are considered â€Å"unqualified† and get deleted (McDonald, 2012). The Chinese government explained to the media that the â€Å"Great Firewall† sifted out words or names that it evaluates as politically odorous. However, due to the matter of fact, it is not that reasonable, but rather private contains emotions of the government. For example, Sina Weibo, a most popular micro blogging site in China whose users surpassed 300 million, is required to inspect those bloggers whose have more than 100,000 followers (McDonald, 2012). If there are any posts that disobey the government’s rules must be deleted within five minutes. â€Å"295 terms with a high probability of being censored,† said the Carnegie Mellon team. So words like â€Å"Tibet†, â€Å"Dalai Lama†, â€Å"Ai Weiwei† (outspoken artist), â€Å"Liu Xiaobo† (imprisoned Nobel laureate), and even â€Å"Egypt†, â€Å"Jon Huntsman† (the former American ambassador), and â€Å"Playboy† (the magazine), etc. are banned (McDonald, 2012). As a result, some people have invented some subversive lexicons to refer to the words prohibited such as using â€Å"grass-mud horse† to replace a four-letter word of obscenity, using â€Å"river crab† to replace â€Å"harmony† which is also banned because it was used to refer to websites deletion by the government, and using phrase â€Å"Buying soy sauce† to indicate someone who is involved in scandals like embezzlement and bribery. The phrase â€Å"Buying soy sauce† came from the mouth of a government official who was involved in a political scandal and wanted to show his innocence through the TV interview (McDonald, 2012). So if the government insists on such obvious and self-deceiving procedures, people would finally uncover the truth and thus lose trust in the government because many insightful people like who use VPN to â€Å"scale the wall (also a subversive word which means to browse foreign websites)† and have known some truth of some political issues or more people who are studying abroad where has no such internet-defending programs know the truth as well. Maybe this kind of methods worked before, but it would not work anymore as people are familiar and proficient in computer science. If the government stops their unacceptable programs right now, the status of the society will be much more stable, or the controversial would be more serious and finally trigger something unimaginable. Second, the Chinese government censors some websites which are considered vicious and unbeneficial to them, so they block websites just because they are not in government’s whitelist. In 2009, The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology posted new regulations on domain management institutions and internet services providers because them want to have a deeper control over domain name registration (Hornby and Le, 2009). The Chinese government explained this is beneficial for an on-going anti-pornography program by creating a list of so called â€Å"whitelist. † However, this policy did not mention the treatment of overseas websites. In fact, foreign sites that have not registered could also be blocked such as Google’s YouTube, Twitter, Flickr and Facebook. The reason is these sites are thought politically sensitive and containing unreasonable schemes by the Chinese government (Hornby and Le, 2009). However, as many web users who used VPN to get access to foreign websites have already known that the websites such as Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter are highly recognized in the U. S. Many popular stars like NBA players often update their newest progress in preparing for the play-off on Twitter, which is often referred to as a trustworthy resource by sports channels like ABC and ESPN. Also, YouTube is even a normal educational tool in some world-famous universities as its sources are updated frequently and carefully (Hornby and Le, 2009). Many of the videos like the videos on cultural diversities and new-born social phenomena etc. are authoritative. They are often in the forms of a real interview with famous experts in the places where the issues happened like the case of Trayvon Martin, people can find many videos on YouTube which are interviews hold by some sociologists. As a result, blocking websites that the Chinese government considered vicious is detrimental to people’s development in learning advanced thoughts and real educational resources from foreign countries some of which are recognized as much more better in high-level education than that of China. If the government continues to do things arbitrarily like this, people would lose trust in their government because they do have the ability to consider what kind of information is true and what kind of information is of plot. In conclusion, the Chinese government should stop their internet censorship because it really affects people’s common lives both in freedom of communication and education. The importance of relieve the inspection on internet is obvious and necessary. If the Chinese government moderates the censorship, people can obtain easier access to foreign resources. As people’s educational levels are higher and higher along with the rapidly-developing status of China’s economy, people are getting more insightful in absorbing more advanced technologies and methods. For instance, teachers can use foreign websites such as YouTube which has huge amount of authoritative resources in college education. Many people have realized that students in China’s colleges know little about realities about some big issues around the world and also have big obstacles in English skills which are not beneficial to students’ development. Also, if students get such progress in education, there will be more opportunities for them to get jobs abroad which can not only enhance Chinese people’s skills in international business but also relieve the pressure in competition for jobs. Finally, stopping the internet censorship helps the Chinese government to win people’s trust and is also educationally, economically beneficial to a large number of Chinese people. References: Merriam-Webster Dictionary. (n. d. ). Internet. Retrieved from http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/internet Hornby L. and Le, Y. 2009, December 22). China to require internet domain name registration. Retrieved from http://www. reuters. com/article/2009/12/22/us-china-internet-idUSTRE5BL19620091222 McDonald, M. (2012, March 13). Watch your language! (in china, they really do). New York Times. Retrieved from http://rendezvous. blogs. nytimes. com/2012/03/13/watch-your-language-and-in-china-they-do/? ref=internetcensorship Rohde, D. (20 11, November 18). China’s newest export: Internet censorship. Retrieved from http://blogs. reuters. com/david-rohde/2011/11/17/chinas-newest-export-internet-censorship/ How to cite Should the Chinese Government Ban the Internet Censorship?, Essay examples

Journal Of Economic Dynamics And Control â€Myassignmenrthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Journal Of Economic Dynamics And Control? Answer: Introduction By the term economy, the overall condition of a geographical area, in terms of the production and consumption of goods and services within a particular span of time, is meant, with the productive activities being measured mostly in monetary terms. The economy of a country is inherently supposed to be dynamic, with the dynamism being created by the interaction of the supply and demand forces and other crucial economic indicators, which in turn causes short term as well as long term fluctuations in the economy of the country (Mian and Sufi 2015). The mutual interactions of these economic indicators and their fluctuations, often leads to deviations from the economic equilibrium, thereby giving rise to abnormal situations in the economy which can be short spanned or continue to persist for long, depending upon the nature and magnitude of the fluctuation. One of the most significant of such situations is recession, which means an overall decline and stagnating of the productive and econom ic activities of a country for considerable period, thereby having considerable implications on the economy of the concerned country. The essay tries to discuss the occurrence of one such phenomenon, the Great Recession, which had its initiation in 2007-08, in the USA and left a long-term impression on the economy of the country as well as the global economy as a whole. The main objective of the essay is to find out and analyze the primary causes of this Great Recession of the USA and its impact on the economy, providing explanations of these causes, in terms of economic concepts (Giuliano and Spilimbergo 2013). Recession As discussed above, the temporary slowdown of an economy, in terms of its production activities, trade dynamics, industrial conditions and a lessened confidence of the people over the monetary and stock markets of the economy, can be termed as a recession. The slowing down of the overall economic growth of the country can be seen from the poor performances of the same in different economic indicators, especially Real GDP and Real GDP per-capita growth rates, which decline strikingly during that period (Gabisch and Lorenz 2013). An economy, by its inherent dynamic nature, undergoes continuous changes, the rough pattern of which can be explained with the help of the concept of the Business Cycle, which is discussed as follows: Figure 1: Business Cycle in an Economy (Source: As created by author) In a business cycle, there are four phases, namely expansion, peak, contracting time and trough, which occurs in succession. In the contractionary period, when the economy hits the lowest of the lows, it signals the occurrence of a recession, which graphically is signaled by a trough, as shown in the above figure. Recession, apart from reducing the GDP statistics, also reduces the employment generation, increases the unemployment and poverty issues, decreases the aggregate demand and supply of the country and thereby, cumulatively reduces the overall well being of the residents of the concerned economy. The cyclical nature of recession often creates a vicious cycle of suffering in the economy, by continually aggravating the negative performances of the economy, thereby leaving long term implications on the economic healthcare of the country, which takes a considerable amount of time to wither out (Sherman 2014). Causes of recession Among the various factors, which cause the advent of a recessionary situation in the economy, few of the most significant ones are elaborated in the following section: a) Fluctuations in interest rates- A faulty monetary and fiscal policy framework can lead to adverse fluctuations in the interest rate prevailing in an economy, thereby hampering the business and investment activities of the economy significantly, often leading to recession. b) Stock market shocks- The stock market being one of the backbones of the monetary framework of any economy, huge fluctuations in the stock market can lead to loss of confidence on part of the investors and can make them skeptic about the profitability of investing, thereby leading to a crash in the stock market. This may mark the beginning of recession in that concerned country (Ehrenberg and Smith 2016). c) Irregularities in residential and other asset markets- Housing increasingly becoming one of the primary arena of investment, a fall in prices of the residential assets, may also trigger a recession. With the fall in the prices, the market sees immense number of foreclosures, the problem becoming more severe in the high-developed regions, where residential investments form a significant share of the total investment activities. Apart from the above factors, there can be many other causes of recessionary pressure in the economy, which varies according to the nature of the economy and other endogenous characteristics of the country (Farmer 2012). The Great Recession: USA The United States of America is the one of the strongest global economies, for the last few decades and enjoys significant power and influence on the global economic scenario. The monetary and fiscal policies of the country not only have implications on the domestic economy itself, but also have the capacity to influence the health of the global economy. The economy of the USA, though is one of the most robust economies in the world, has experienced its share of fluctuations over time, the two most significant of them being the Great Depression of the 1930s and that of the Great Recession, the latter leading to a Global Economic Crisis. The latter approximately continued to persist in the global economy for the period 2007-2009, with the recovery starting from early 2010 (Rabie 2013). The advent of the recessionary conditions started in the economy of the USA, from the last quarter of the year 2007, as can be seen from the data of the National Bureau of Economic Research with the simultaneous occurrence of several striking phenomena in the investment and stock markets of the country. As seen from the data provided by them, there was a 51% contraction in the GDP of the country and huge negative repercussions on the overall employment and aggregate consumption expenditures of the economy, the overall condition of the country had similarity to that which prevailed at the time of the 1930s Great Depression (Rabie 2013). Figure 2: GDP Growth Rate of the USA (Data.worldbank.org, 2017) As can be seen from Figure 2, the GDP growth rate of the country plunged steeply to a high negative value, during that period, thereby providing evidences of the recessionary conditions of the country, which decreased the economic activities of the same drastically. The decrease in the overall productive activities of the country had immense implications on the employment scenario of the country. Figure 3: Employment Population Ratio: USA (1900-2016) (Source: Bls.gov, 2017) Figure 3 shows the drastic fall in the employment population ratio of the country during that period, the sheer magnitude of which had a long term effect on the overall economy of the country as the ratio of the country since then had not still now came up to match the pre-recession levels. There was a loss of almost 7.5 million jobs in the country itself, which had tremendous repercussions in the economy as a whole (Enelow 2016). Figure 4: Changes in Personal Consumption Expenses in the USA (Source: Bls.gov, 2017) The shocking decrease in the employment numbers had direct implication on the aggregate demand statistics of the country, which can be seen from the decline in the personal consumption expenditures of the country during that period. The fall in the aggregate demand in its turn reduced the supply side activities of the country significantly thereby, increasing the recessionary pressure and marking the initiation of the Great Recession in the economy and the Global Financial Crisis in the global economic scene (Fairlie 2013). Great Recession: Causes The Great Recession, which started in the economy of the USA, in 2007 and had immense implications on the economic health of the country as well as on the global economy, effecting almost all the leading countries adversely and creating a huge financial crisis all over the world. The causes of this phenomenon had always been an issue of huge debates among the economists and policy-makers of the world. However, almost all the economists unanimously agree on the contribution of several key factors to the initiation of the recession. These factors are discussed below: Bursting of Housing Sector Bubble One of the primary and probably the most important reasons for the occurrence of the Great Recession in the USA was the bursting of the huge bubble in the residential investment sector of the country. Post Great Depression (1930s), the economy of the USA had recovered and started prospering impressively, soon acquiring the position of the global leader in an overall framework. The huge increase in the GDP as well as the population of the country gave rise to a booming housing sector with a continually increasing demand for housings. The housings were no more just facilities for accommodation, but with continuous increase in their value, they were also treated as an alternative form of asset building for the households. The prevailing notion regarding the stability in the price increase, attracted both commercial investors as well as households to venture in the residential market, during this time (Jagannathan, Kapoor and Schaumburg 2013). The interest rates prevailing in the economy, were also low and were to some extent deliberately kept at low levels to facilitate the inflow of investments in all the market, including the residential market. The banks and financial organizations, including the insurance companies started venturing in this market, facilitating easy borrowing of money for the investors and households, to invest in the residential sector. The lucrative mortgage facilities, very low initial down payments and interest-only loan structures introduced by them, induced the households to buy those housing assets, which were otherwise unaffordable by them. A section of entrepreneurs started buying these housings and selling them at even higher prices, thereby prospering immensely. All of these, cumulatively contributed in creating the housing market bubble, which much to the shock of the speculators and investors, did burst in due course of time (Jagannathan, Kapoor and Schaumburg 2013). Figure 5: The creation and bursting of the housing market bubble in the USA (Tradingeconomics.com, 2017) The bubble burst occurred with a sudden drastic fall in the prices of the housing market of the country, after which the prices went on seeing a continuous decline. This fall in the prices, led to the loss of confidence of both the households and the investors from the housing market and its future profitability, which in turn led to a huge foreclosure in the residential market with a lot of its potential and existing investors withdrawing from the market. The commercial banks and the insurance companies were the worst hit with the bailing out of nearly 700 billion USD from the residential market. Stock Market Crash The housing sector bubble burst had a direct relation with the astonishing crash in the stock market of the country, which led to immense negative implications on the monetary health of the country. This led to bankruptcy of many prominent investment banks and financial institutions of the country, thereby making the scenario even worse for the country and for the global investment statistics (Farmer 2012). Figure 6: Fall in the Net Worth of Household (Imf.org, 2017) The household market lost nearly 16 trillions of dollars, which affected the stock market massively. The bankruptcy of the Lehman Brothers The largest bankruptcy in the history of the economy of the USA happened during this period (2008), with the filing of bankruptcy of the Lehman Brothers, one of the largest investment banks in the country, with a significant global business. The bank participated in the housing bubble hugely, by creating mortgage originations. The bursting of the housing bubble immediately affected the bank so adversely that the company with over $600 billion asset holding, had to file for bankruptcy, thereby decreasing the Dow Jones by 500 points and significantly affecting the global stock market (Hansen 2015). Dumping from China The activity of exporting a good or service by a company or country to some other country at a price lower than that is prevailing in the domestic market of the importing country is known as dumping and this activity has severe significance on the international trade. The Great Recession, which occurred in the USA, also had as one of the causing factors, the dumping activities of another global economic giant, China, who at that point of time was experiencing economies of scale in its industrial sector. The overall slowdown of the supply side dynamics coupled with the dumping activities of China, had a huge adverse effect on the productive activities of the economy of the USA (Mler 2013). Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that one of the greatest economic disasters, which occurred in the economy of the USA and had severe implications in the global economy was the Great Recession of 2007-2008, which was coupled with the Global Financial Crisis, affecting almost all the prominent economies in the world. The primary reason for the occurrence of this recession being the burst of the bubble created in the housing market, there were other factors affecting the economy too. The huge stock market crash, bankruptcy of big investment banks like the Lehman Brothers and the dumping activities of other leading economies like China also had implications on the supply side dynamics of the USA, thereby aggravating the recessionary pressure. References Bls.gov (2017). [online] Available at: https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cps_charts.pdf [Accessed 7 Sep. 2017]. Data.worldbank.org (2017).GDP (current US$) | Data. [online] Data.worldbank.org. Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017]. Ehrenberg, R.G. and Smith, R.S., 2016.Modern labor economics: Theory and public policy. Routledge. Enelow, S., 2016. THE GREAT RECESSION.Film Comment,52(5), p.56. Fairlie, R.W., 2013. Entrepreneurship, economic conditions, and the great recession.Journal of Economics Management Strategy,22(2), pp.207-231. Farmer, R.E., 2012. The stock marketing crash of 2008 caused the Great Recession: Theory and evidence.Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control,36(5), pp.693-707. Farmer, R.E., 2012. The stock market crash of 2008 caused the Great Recession: Theory and evidence.Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control,36(5), pp.693-707. Gabisch, G. and Lorenz, H.W., 2013.Business cycle theory: a survey of methods and concepts. Springer Science Business Media. Giuliano, P. and Spilimbergo, A., 2013. Growing up in a Recession.Review of Economic Studies,81(2), pp.787-817. Hansen, P.H., 2015. Hall of mirrors: the great depression, the great recession, and the usesand Misusesof History.Business History Review,89(3), pp.557-569. Imf.org (2017).IMF Data. [online] IMF. Available at: https://www.imf.org/en/Data [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017]. Jagannathan, R., Kapoor, M. and Schaumburg, E., 2013. Causes of the great recession of 20072009: The financial crisis was the symptom not the disease!.Journal of Financial Intermediation,22(1), pp.4-29. Mler, K.G., 2013.Environmental economics: a theoretical inquiry(Vol. 7). Routledge. Mian, A. and Sufi, A., 2015.House of debt: How they (and you) caused the Great Recession, and how we can prevent it from happening again. University of Chicago Press. Rabie, M., 2013. The Great Recession. InSaving Capitalism and Democracy(pp. 103-115). Palgrave Macmillan US. Rabie, M., 2013. The Great Recession. InSaving Capitalism and Democracy(pp. 103-115). Palgrave Macmillan US. Sherman, H.J., 2014.The business cycle: growth and crisis under capitalism. Princeton University Press. Tradingeconomics.com (2017).United States GDP Growth Rate | 1947-2017 | Data | Chart | Calendar. [online] Tradingeconomics.com. Available at: https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/gdp-growth [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017].

Lenovo Challenge Essay Sample free essay sample

What challenges did Lenovo face after the acquisition? The rise of Lenovo is based on two factors-internal and external. Internally. China opens her market and allows personal concern turning. Externally. U. S. and Japan leads the planetary selling and fabrication scheme. China has luck to plays an of import function in this industrial windstorm. Nowadays. Chinese company could raise enormous capital from its domestic market and put in oversea concern. such as Geely Automobile acquired Volvo. Lenovo is the innovator of such investing. And Lenovo show a good illustration that Chinese company and entrepreneurs could play globally. and play reasonably. It is merely 30 old ages that China opens her market. Although Chinese people and concern adult male have experience of planetary trading historically. the universe seems unusual after the state enduring 20 old ages war clip and 20 old ages political motion. The entrepreneurs need to larn the regulations of modern concern. And they need to larn how to run concern globally and survive from the rough competition. We will write a custom essay sample on Lenovo Challenge Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In amount. the capableness of the Management of Legend decides if Lenovo could last after the acquisition. It seems they did a good occupation during the last 9 old ages since 2004. at least. better than Dell. But to me. it is non good plenty. Challenge 1: Whether Lenovo could last from the cultural and operational merge? Answer: Yes. Due to the less channel difference ( Lenovo focuses on desktop. IBM focuses on Laptop ) . there is so less struggle in operation. Like the article cites: It is a lucifer made in Eden. And fortunately and respectfully. Lenovo adopt IBM direction without give major replacing for planetary concern. In other universes. Lenovo embrace American civilization and regulations for the company. It is wise but riskily. There are failure illustrations. such as TCL ( a Chinese transnational electronics company. In 2010 it was the world’s sixth-largest telecasting manufacturer ) went on escapades in Europe. but non rather success. The chief ground is the direction in Europe doesn’t work good with China head one-fourth. Lenovo moves its head one-fourth to New York State. It is a cardinal point of success. Basically. I guess Lenovo learnt from TCL and don’t want to lose the control of oversea direction. ( 12 hours of clip difference between US and China ) . It will supply Management of caput one-fourth a quicker and accurate judgement based on the selling motions ( U. S. is the chief market and way of laptop gross revenues ) . And how Lenovo survived from the civilization unifying? Lenovo gives its reply: â€Å"trust the other person† . Possibly due to the long term of IBM’s investing of industry in China. or history of Lenovo’s distributing of imported computing machines. the two combined Management didn’t have excessively much problem in working together. And they have one united end: to go better. Challenge 2: Whether the invention would decelerate down. quality would endure? Answer: No. The invention remains an acceptable velocity to run into industrial criterion. The quality doesn’t go down. but goes up. The increasing portion of Lenovo shows that the quality is accepted by consumer in marketing wise. Right now. Lenovo push its new merchandise â€Å"Yoga† . which is a taking construct in laptop. It has touch screen. high criterion constellation. Furthermore. Yoga can be folded 180 grade to organize a tablet. Lenovo continues IBM’s taking invention in laptops. I still retrieve the commercial that a truck runs over a Think tablet. and the laptop is still working! IBM uses to be the manner of laptop. It uses to be the most sure laptop chasing by concern individual. However. Lenovo meets Steve Jobs. And the ulterior one alterations everything. Right now. iMac dominates the part. Lenovo needs a interior decorator. or a leader to construct a light weight. lasting usage laptop to vie with iMac. It takes clip. But Lenovo has to make that. O therwise. it will stop up every bit Dell. Challenge 3: Whether the local trade name Legend could win credence of planetary market? Answer: Yes. The article spends a batch of paragraph on the trade name edifices. the schemes and hazards of Lenovo. It seems Lenovo did a good occupation. The replies are likewise to the first challenges. However. credence is non equal to urge. As I noticed in US market. HP. Dell. and Apple are still major participants. Maybe it is difficult for a foreign company to construct trade name value inside US comparing with domestic company. However. two things need to be done to do the alteration – a higher public presentation of laptop than industry degree ; a competitory monetary value. Possibly it is clip to near the 4th strategy- Lexus/ Toyota scheme. If it is so difficult to draw up the whole trade name value. it is easier to construct a luxury trade name. A trade name represents luxury manner and concentrate on concern section. The trade name will be brought out to vie with iMac straight. I am non certain Think tablet is a good campaigner. But Yoga is a good measure frontward.

Firefighter Essays

Firefighter Essays Firefighter Essays Domestic Fires.† National Dangers. Georgia Line, 23 Jan. 1/â€Å'/â€Å'09. Web. 23 Aug. 2011. firefighters.edu. Fire fighters spend much of their time at fire stations, which are usually similar to dormitories. When an alarm sounds, fire fighters respond, regardless of the weather or hour. Fire fighting involves a high risk of death or injury. Common causes include floors caving in, walls toppling, traffic accidents, and exposure to flame and smoke. Fire fighters also may come into contact with poisonous, flammable, or explosive gases and chemicals and radioactive materials, all of which may have immediate or long-term effects on their health. For these reasons, they must wear protective gear that can be very heavy and hot. I learned a lot of information from this piece, tells me a little bit more about what firefighters deal with. This will be very useful to me, in my Senior Project. Ellyn, Glen Lewis. â€Å"How to Become a Firefighter.† Academic Programs. College of DuPage, 2 Mar. 3/â€Å'/â€Å'. Web. 24 Aug. 2011. http://home.cod.edu//â€Å'programsDegrees//. Firefighters today do much more than fight fires. They provide rescue services, handle hazardous chemical emergencies and conduct fire prevention, investigation and inspection activities. Firefighters also do most of the cleaning and maintenance work required to keep their tools, equipment, buildings and apparatus ready for immediate response. Many Illinois communities depend on their fire departments to provide emergency medical services and sometimes ambulance services. If you become a firefighter, you will be assigned to a team, called a â€Å"company,† that provides some or all of these services. This information was not very helpful to me. I have already read, and learned about this. â€Å"FireFighters.† Bureau of Labor Statistic. United States Dept. of Labor, 17 Dec. 2009. Web. 22 Aug. 2011. bls.gov//â€Å'ocos329.htm. During duty hours, fire fighters must be prepared to respond immediately to a fire or other emergency. Fighting fires is complex and dangerous and requires organization and teamwork. At every emergency scene, fire fighters perform specific duties assigned by a superior officer. At fires, they connect hose lines to hydrants and operate a pump to send water to high-pressure hoses. Some carry hoses, climb ladders, and enter burning buildings, using systematic and careful procedures, to put out fires. This information is very useful to me, because it gives me a little of an idea how Firefighters work. This information will help me in my research to describe to people what firefighters do. â€Å"Fire Information.† Fire Nation. Golden South, 11 Apr. 4/â€Å'/â€Å'2008. Web. 25 Aug. 2011. firenation.com. Fire marshals and fire inspector s work to prevent fires. They conduct building inspections. They make sure that laws about fire safety are followed. They also work with builders and city planners. They often visit schools to teach fire safety. Fire investigators study fires to see how they started. They collect evidence from the scene and talk to witnesses. Fire fighters live at fire stations much of the time. Most fire stations have living rooms, kitchens, and bedrooms. When the alarm sounds, fire fighters must respond rapidly. Fire fighting is dangerous work. During a fire, floors can cave in and walls can topple. Flames and smoke can burn or kill. Fire fighters may come in contact with poisonous gases or other hazardous materials. To protect themselves, fire fighters wear protective gear which can be heavy and hot. Many fire fighters work more than 50 hours a week. Their hours are often longer and more varied than the hours of other workers. In some agencies, fire fighters can be on duty for 24 hours straight. This section is very helpful to me. This would be great in my project. â€Å"Fire Safety.† Kids Zone. Rescue 1, 5 Oct. 10/â€Å'/â€Å'2006. Web. 25 Aug. 2011. firesafetyforteens.org/safety-rules.html. -

Bisexuality Politicised Essay Example for Free

Bisexuality Politicised Essay This paper asks the question how can bisexuality be or become a danger to the dominant sexual script which I problematise as produced racism, sexism, homophobia, and monosexism. That this brand of heterosexuality occupies 99% of our cultural space in entertainment, education, history and public expression and is considered inevitable and unchallengable for 90% of peoples relationships is, I will argue, the victory of white patriarchal science. I intend to show the nature of this victory and imagine what counter struggle and victories might emerge from the site of my bisexuality. The Historical role of Biphopia- Policing the Treaty. Underpinning this paper is the belief in that many if not all heterosexual identifying people can be bisexual and that the majority are to some extent not privately monosexual. The majority status of bisexuality does not make it normal nor ideal however I mention it because it is important to realise that the invisibility of bisexuality requires extraordinary effort to maintain and it’s repression occurs against all people not just a few â€Å"natural† bisexuals. To understand the historical role that biphobia has played and the historical position of bisexuality it is necessary to recognise homosexuality as a creation of western patriarchal and homophobic medical science. Women have always loved women and men have always loved men but the classification of these experiences as a sexuality with little or no element of choice and a biological or individual psychological basis was given currency in the 19th century by a professional class that feared same sex desire. Their construction of homosexuality shaped and informs Western cultural understanding of sexuality â€Å"not in the first place because of its meaningfulness to those whom it defines but because of its indispensableness to those who define themselves against it. † (Segal, L. p145) for it was and is needed â€Å"not only for the persecutory regulation of a nascent minority of distinctly homosexual men (and women) but also for the regulation of the male (and female) homosocial bonds that structure all culture – at any rate all public or heterosexual culture. † (Eve Sedgewick in Segal, L. pp194-5) Early psychoanalytic texts were quite explicit that the project was to police all male and female relationships warning â€Å"teachers and parents not to take too lightly friendships among girls which become passionate† and society to â€Å"be more concerned with the degree of heterosexuality or homosexuality in an individual than they are with the question of whether he has ever had an experience of either sort†. â€Å"The real danger from homosexuality† was seen to lie â€Å"not in actual sex association but in homosexual attitudes towards life† such as the negative attitudes of â€Å"thousands of women †¦ toward men, marriage and family life† influenced by â€Å"latent homosexuality† for â€Å"neurotic attitudes about love and marriage can prove contagious. † (Caprio, F. pp 6 -11) Generally, prior to this the western world had relied on Christianity to dictate the terms of sexuality. Whether sexual attraction was â€Å"natural† was no defence under a regime which tended to view â€Å"natural† sexual desires as needing control from a religious authority. The medical establishment faced the dilemma of replacing religious authorities without having any utilitarian basis for the repression of same sex desire. The construction of homosexuality as a distinct condition was to define normality as exclusive heterosexuality. In fact heterosexuality was simply the condition of being human. Sexual behaviour became a product of a persons condition; the â€Å"human condition† producing normal heterosexual behaviour. There was now no need for a religious justification for preferencing the heterosexual over the homosexual because behaviour was not a matter of choice but a matter of whether or not you were ill; Well or sane people simply didn’t want to have sex with people of their own gender. This was presented as a more humane response to homosexuality than religious condemnation or incarceration. Psychiatrists often called themselves compassionate as they argued for an adoption of â€Å"scientific† curative responses to homosexuality. (Caprio, F, p. xi) The majority gay and lesbian movement accepted the shifting of sexuality into an area for science and have embraced the notion of a biological basis or early psychological basis for sexuality. Their fight has largely been for homosexuality to be treated as incurable and it follows natural and equally valid alternative to heterosexuality, jettisoning any agenda to argue that is better. Only a minority have argued that homosexuality is a political choice and an option for everyone. With both sides ceasing hostilities1, when homosexuality was delisted as a mental illness in 1973 (Altman,D. ,p5), institutionalised heterosexuality and gays and lesbians overt interests have moved to coincide. Victories to normalise homosexuality also normalise heterosexuality’s dominance by depoliticising sexuality in general. In 1993 when a homosexuality gene was â€Å"discovered† a genetic basis for the majority status of heterosexuality was created though not declared. Anyone who would argue that the commonality of heterosexuality might have something to do with social programming and institutional support can now be said to be messing with nature. The proud bisexual threatens this peaceful coexistence of the heterosexual majority and homosexual minority. Recognition of our bisexuality requires a validation of our sexual relationships with people of our own gender based on choice rather than the agreed legitimate biological basis. Such choice may be personal or circumstantial but also political or moral. Normalising bisexuality with a biological cause won’t defuse it’s threat though it could contain it if it relegates us to a fixed minority status. Society still has to reckon with why we choose to validate relationships with people of our own gender by identifying as bisexual. We reopen old debates that many who have found safety in a biological basis for their monosexual identity want to keep closed. (I will revisit this fear in the last section, Bisexuality and the Future when I discuss Bi supremacy. ) A bisexual identity simply has to be defined as confused or an exception to the rule. Individuals have to be pressured to fit themselves into one or the other category. In a secular society without moral taboos people can’t be allowed to entertain the idea that their partners gender is political. Also, understandably gays and lesbians know those moral taboos still hold significant power so many still see their best option as policing the treaty based on the attribution of their sexuality to a biological or psychological cause. Bisexuality and identification – Withdrawing our support for the status quo. The bisexual identifying person is not predominantly someone who feels attraction equally to both genders or without any reference to gender2 and in terms of actual sexual or emotional experience the majority could be classified as predominantly homosexual or heterosexual. â€Å"Why then, don’t you call yourself gay or straight? † is the inevitable response to this confession. And confession it feels like because to indicate a â€Å"leaning† puts at risk the validity given to a bisexual identity within contemporary discourse. Sexual expression is usually presented as representative of something innate rather than a mediation between a person and their world. Consequently the woman who says she usually finds women easier to make emotional connections with is seen to be describing her â€Å"innate† difficulty emotionally connecting with men rather than her experience of men and their culture. Asserting a bisexual identity in the face of this invalidation is about contextualising sexual responses rather than finding invisible internal reasons for them. A bisexual identity in the above circumstance keeps open the possibility that a preference for emotional relationships with women could change if men and male culture changed. Alternatively a preference for sex with men might be attributable to homophobia. (Weinberg, M. S. , p221) The reasons for choices are not always positive ones but the possibility for counter argument exists. Holding onto a bisexual identification based on potentiality, rejects the conservatism of describing reality by the status quo. However a bisexual identity is also partially an attempt to accurately relate personal history as well and this too has a radical power. Most monosexual identifications represent people only by concealing some bisexuality. By identifying as bisexual a person accepts and celebrates those aspects of their life that are inconsistent with a monosexual identity. The power of metanarratives within modernism, including descriptions of sexuality, relies on such inconsistencies being deemed insignificant. Hence a public bisexual identity is a confrontation of generalist theories with lived experience. If people promote such a solidarity with their experiences and the people who compose them that is greater than any to a proposed theory then expounders of metanarratives (including myself) will lose power. Our authority to dictate â€Å"from above† will be replaced by a decentralised authority based on being â€Å"up close† to our own reality. Bisexuality and other oppressions. Sexuality forms alliances across genders, ethnicities, and classes so any bisexual movement which fails to take gender, race or class issues into account poses a real danger of obscuring differences and concealing oppression. (This is also true for a multiplicity of issues such as disability or mental illness). My discussion of bisexuality and other basis for oppression are not intended to present bisexual identification as the panacea of the worlds ills. Social change must be inspired by a diversity of experience and informed by a range of critiques. Given the above it is presumptious for me as a half-wog male to seek to resolve ongoing debates about a bisexual political agenda among feminist women or debates among black women and men on how to connect bi pride with anti-racism. To do so would be to pretend that I can speak from only my bisexuality and abandon any white, male perspctive. As a long term unemployed person I believe I can speak on class issues from the inside to some extent but also still acknowledge the privelage of my university education. This is not to say that I think that sexism is a womens issue or that the responsibility for opposing racism is solely non-whites. Nor am I comfortable being accountable to lesbian or straight feminists on the issue of bisexual profeminism or placing beyond reproach the homophobia of some black liberationist theorists like Eldrige Cleaver. What to speak on and when in regard to a radical bisexualitys’ impact on patriarchal, white supremist and class oppresion is best defined as problematic. As a simple way out I hope to show how I see a politicised bisexuality contributes to my pro-feminism, anti-racism and support for class struggles. It is my hope that this will have relevance for a wider audience. Radical Bisexuality and Pro-feminism. Judith Butler states that â€Å"the heterosexualisation of desire requires and institutes the production of discrete and assymetrical oppositions between â€Å"feminine† and â€Å"masculine† identities. † (Segal, L. p190) Monique Wittig goes further to argue that a woman’s place in heterosexuality is a class of oppression and that the lesbian escapes her class position. (Wittig, M, p. 47) I agree that â€Å"hetero†-sexuality (literally a sexuality based on opposites) reproduces and supports womens oppression in other spheres by creating a binary gender system. Men need to realise that their love for women is problematic when it is that â€Å"love† of the â€Å"feminine identity† that belongs to this sytem. This is the attraction for the other and requires women’s difference to be exaggerated and emphasised. These exaggerations shape women as not-men while we men shape ourselves and are shaped into embodiments of the ideal. The seeming irony of male heterosexuality where women are objects of love being consistent with misoginy where women are objects of hate makes perfect sense through the operation of oppositional heterosexuality precisely because the love requires women to be less than men. A love that does not require partners to be different than ourselves is not possible within exclusive heterosexuality because it fails to provide the argument to repress same sex desire. It is necessary for heterosexual men to confront their homophobia which demands they repress or invalidate their same sex desire before they can love their female partners as their â€Å"own kind† and not another species. An additional benifit to patriarchy of discrete gender identities that is liable to be lost when men reject oppositional heterosexuality is the regulation of male social interaction. The arguments to exclude gay men from the military reveal the mindset deemed necessary to produce a war machine; â€Å"We are asking men in combat to do an essentially irrational thing – put themselves in a position where they are likely to get killed †¦ One of the few ways to persuade men to do that is to appeal to their masculinity †¦ You cannot have an adrogynous military †¦ The idea that fighting is a masculine trait runs deep. As a cultural trait it predates any written history. It may even be a genitic trait †¦ Just think what it would mean to demasculinize combat. The effect on combat effectiveness might be catastrophic. † – Charles Moskos, Military Socioligist quoted in Colonel R. D. Ray, Military Necessity and Homosexuality (Gays:In or Out, p63) It is regrettable that non-heterosexual men and many women are proving they too can make excellent soldiers. 3 However the above quote exaggerates a fact that male â€Å"buddy† relationships are relied on by the military and that this requires a repression of same sex desire. This is because same sex desire is preferential – it is not a love of all men equally – but of a few and potentially for a time. The same-sex loyalty that is demanded by patriarchy including it’s military needs the stability of exclusive heterosexuality; â€Å".. the recognition of homosexuality is a threat to that peculiar combination of male camaraderie and hierachy on which most organisations depend; sexual desire is too anarchic, too disrespectful of established boundaries to be trusted. † (Altman, D. p63) Unravelling their heterosexuality is not the most important thing men must do to support feminism however it is a legitimate part of this support for â€Å"it is the repressed recognition of this fact (that everyone can be homosexual) that does much to fuel homophobia, but equally acts so as to promote male bonding and certain crucial authority structures. † (Altman D. ,p XI) Radical Bisexuality and Racism. The construction of homosexuality as a â€Å"natural† difference from the heterosexual norm shares and competes for the same conceptual space as constructions of race as biological differences from the white norm. This is particularly true because the hetrosexual ideal is represented as white with the sexuality of non-whites traditionally seen as untamed, violent, promiscuous or otherwise deviant even if heterosexual. Non-whites are considered only ever partly heterosexual while white queers are considered not proper whites. The competition for the limited conceptual space has led to historical difficulites in linking white supremacy with heterosexism (exacerbated by white queer activists own racial interests) and in fact has unwittingly linked Gay Power with white power. â€Å"Homosexuality as a race† has developed into a gay and lesbian ethnicity. For whites under racism where their whiteness is considered the norm and thus unnamed, this ethnicity is their only ethnicity, the lesbian/gay â€Å"language† their only language, and lesbian/gay history their only history, to the point that it is not seen as a difference within whiteness but a difference from whiteness. (Blasingame, p52) While we (white queers) are unconscious of our whiteness queer cultural politics consequently becomes a way of colonising non-white cultures with a new white culture, white leaders and white history in a particularly insidious way. While not as powerful as heterosexual institutions for people wanting to be publicly non-heterosexual we have considerable power; in the framing of beauty along racist lines, in the support of white non-heterosexual bourgeoius or political leaders and in the very conceptualisation of sexuality. As one example Brenda Marie Blasingame in Bisexuality and Feminism speaks of a history of sexuality in U. S. black communities which did not include placing people in particular â€Å"boxes† and accepted the practice of bisexuality. A part of moving into the white gay and lesbian movement for her was the requirement to come out as a specific sexuality and accept the marginalisation of bisexuals. For many people who are not white taking up a gay or lesbian and to a different extent bisexual identity requires an abandonment of their own ethnic politcal identity or view. (Blasingame, pp. 51 – 53) The common conceptual space of non-heterosexual and non-white however can and should however produce queer anti-racism provided white queers realise that this conception of their sexuality is wrong. There is a shared interest in anti-racism and anti-heterosexism in critiqing normalcy and naturalness. As only one example the construction of beauty posits that naturally â€Å"Gentlemen prefer Blondes†. Not only is this sexist for reducing women to a hair colour (and the Blonde is meant to be read as a woman) but it is heterosexist and clearly as racist as â€Å"Gentlemen prefer whites† when Blonde is only a white persons natural hair colour. When we politicise our sexuality we can open up not only the arguments against heterosexual dominance but the arguments against the sexual sterotypes of non-whites including the framing of Asian men as â€Å"young girls† represented in this regrettable quote from the 70’s magazine Gay Power; â€Å"I dig beautiful oriental men. Asking me to shoot at them is the same thing as asking heterosexual soldiers to shoot at beautiful young girls that they would like to fuck. † (Teal, D. p99) Radical Bisexuality and Class. It is worth noting that capitalism which I understand as the continual oppression of the poor that patriarchy is for women is no longer wedded to heterosexuality in Western affluent nations as it has been in the past. This is because Western nations are primarily consumer societies of fairly easily produced goods (easily because their production is either located in the Third World or in the Quattro Monde – the world of the Western underclass or because their production is automated). Western capitalism can therefore relax the â€Å"restraint and repression† which was necessary to both control factory floors and ensure a ready supply of human capital through reproduction. (Altman D, p90) Part of this is also due to unemployment and global capital mobility being sufficient to obtain cheap labour and another contributing factor has been Western women raising their education so they are more useful in employment than at home. Also marriage was the institution by which women were given the role of providing a whole range of services capitalism wouldn’t such as aged care and child raising as well as supporting adult men. Now many of these services are provided by profitable private institutions so traditional marriages are actually in competition with capitalism. Of course the worlds poor can’t afford these services and Thirld World countries remain supportive of compulsory heterosexuality (Altman, D, p90) but in the Western consumer-capitalism there is a an interest to increase consumption through the market of previous services fulfilled by women’s unpaid labour. In order to perpetuate consumption growth capitalism must also locate new disatisfactions like teenage angst, at an alarming rate while also offering at a price their answer. In this context gay, lesbian and even bisexual identities as well as transgenderism, S+M and fetish celebrations are eagerly embraced by many industries as the basis for new markets. Our anxiety for recognition, meaning, ceremony and a positive celebration of our sexuality are easily exploitable. â€Å"†¦ one of the possible negative side-effects of the popularity of ‘lesbian chic’ was that it codes lesbianism as merely a kind of fashion statement, something that requires certain consumer goods to mark the individual as lesbian. † (Newitz & Sandell) Bisexuals have to be mindful that while we seek recognition, capitalism is looking for new markets and while these interests coincide this will only be true for those of us who can afford it and it will be on the backs of the world’s poor involved in the production of our new consumerables and bearing the greatest brunt of the waste from our new consumption. One positive way to resist becoming merely another market is by applying the awareness of the political nature of sexual desire to the desire for consumer goods and services. Both desires are constructed to serve particular interests and not fundamentally our own. Through working to ensure that all of our desire works for liberation we will resist commodification as we achieve recognition. Bisexuality and the Future To outline what I see as the goal of Radical Bisexuality I will illustrate two scenarios depicting false victories and one which I believe genuinely opens up the greatest possibility for liberation. Scenario 1. Recognition of bisexuality as a third alternative way that people unchangably are. To some extent as I have said earlier this can’t overcome the capacity of bisexuals to fit in as straight and thus can’t conceal the choice to embrace the homosexuality within the heterosexual that they represent. However there are arguments that could be presented that bisexuals have to express their same sex desire or become depressed (â€Å"go mad†). These arguments could form the basis of depoliticising and medicalising bisexuality as has been done with homosexuality. This may make bisexual lives easier to defend and add to the options for young people but relegates bisexuals to the same minority status as is currently given to gays and lesbians. Most people who admit to loving their own gender in straight society would face the same oppression bisexuals now face as â€Å"heterosexual experimenters† and recruitment of the majority would be difficult as they would remain â€Å"true† heterosexuals as unable to change as â€Å"true† bisexuals or gays and lesbians. Further it could also trade the oppression that is invisibility for bisexuals with the oppression that is hyper-visibility for straight men and women, and increasingly gays and lesbians. Having recognised sexuality’s repression but not it’s production we will be easily exploitable by capitalism and our liberation may mean as being as marketed to and ritutalised as heterosexuality. Scenario 2. Bisexuality is considered the only natural sexuality which equates it with the only right sexuality. Heterosexuality would be patholigised along with homosexuality as both are considered to have unnatural â€Å"blocks† to loving one or the other gender. This is Bisexual Supremacy which I acknowledge as a justification for gays and lesbians to distrust bisexuals. While it is unlikely to be widely accepted it is possible that it could dominate queer spaces as a pocket of resistance to heterosexual dominance in the same way as celebrations of gay and lesbian purity have. It is certainly more likely to be targetted at lesbians and gays than straights and while this is the fault of heterosexism’s power, not my own, it must be refuted. This is not to say that politicising sexuality will not require some gay men in particular to reassess their rhetoric. Mysoginistic comments which denegrate women’s bodies deserve political criticism and can’t be assured the right to be accepted. However the wider charge of institutionalising the sexual oppression of women and supporting male social bonding can’t be levelled at male homosexuality and certainly not at lesbianism. Indeed at certain points in the struggle against institutionalised oppression different sexual identifications and choices will be appropriate. Because bisexuality is as deliberate a sexuality choice as any other and not a submission to some biological imperative (and even if it were I reject the claim that naturalness equals rightness) we can’t claim an non-contextual ideal status. Its political usefulness is only that of any tactic relative both to the circumstances and to the person, meaning that for some and at some times other sexual choices and identifications are more appropriate. Bisexual supremacy also prioritises the effort to be bisexual over other efforts to unravel heterosexist, patriarchal and racist programming. I have already stressed the need for a variety of critiques of power to inform social change which Bisexual supremacy ignores. In particular men in relationships with women need to realise that doing their share of the housework is far more meaningful than maintaining or developing their capacity to love other men. Scenario 3. The Dream. Realising our sexualities are scripted will hopefully prompt redrafts along feminist, anti-racist and anti-capitalist lines. No-one should be the sole author of this project even with their own sexuality as we all need to listen to the perspectives our privelages rob us off. Certainly a part of this will be a dialogue between political lesbians, bisexuals and straight women which already has a history and whose future I don’t want to conclude. Consequently my dream is vague. What I don’t see in this future is the fetishisation of wealth, whiteness or gendered difference. Women in relationships with men will recieve support and encouragement as full humans. Advertisers will be incapable of capturing our consumption with snake oil as we demand economic production satisfy new needs that we create, for justice and community. Pleasure including sexual pleasure will mean enjoying our values not forgetting them. Bisexuality like other sexualities will have to argue it’s political legitimacy but not it’s existance. Sexual identifications such as â€Å"Confused† may replace bisexual for many if it is recognises more of their personal truth and political terms like Anti-racist may be key elements of sexual identification. Radical bisexuality wont end all struggles but the raw energy of sexuality will be accountable to and in the employ of the great project of improving the world . Bibliography Altman, Dennis, The Homosexualisation of America, The Americanization of the Homosexual, St. Martins Press, New York, 1982 Sedgewick, E. K. , â€Å"How to Bring Your Kids Up Gay†, pp. 69 – 81, Fear of a Queer Planet : Queer Politics and Social Theory, Warner,M. (Editor), University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 1993 Segal, Lynne, Straight Sex: Rethinking the Politics of Pleasure, University of California Press, U. S. A. , 1994. Foucalt, Michel, The History of Sexuality, Volume 1:An Introduction, Allen Lane, London, 1978 Newitz, A. and J. Sandell,â€Å"Bisexuality And How To Use It: Toward a Coalitional Identity Politics†, Bad Subjects, Issue # 16, October 1994 Caprio, F. S. M. D. Female Homosexuality:A Psychodynamic study of Lesbianism, The Citadel Press, New York, 1954 Weinberg,M. S. , C. J. Williams, D. W. Pryor, Dual Attraction: Understanding Bisexuality, Oxford University Press, Inc. , New York, 1994 Blasingame, B. M. , â€Å"The Roots of Biphobia: Internalised Racism and Internalised Heterosexism† in Closer to Home: Bisexuality and Feminism, Edited by E. R. Wise, Seal Press, U. S. A. , 1992 Colonel R. D. Ray, Military Necessity and Homosexuality , reprinted in Gays:In or Out: The U. S. Military & Homosexuals – A Source book, Brassey’s, March 1993. Teal D. , The Gay Militants, Stein and Day Publishers, New York, 1971. Wittig, M. , The Straight Mind and Other Essays, Beacon Press. Boston, 1992 Descriptors for Sexual Minorities †¢ Front Page †¢ What is h2g2? †¢ Who’s Online †¢ Write an Entry †¢ Browse †¢ Announcements †¢ Feedback †¢ h2g2 Help †¢ RSS Feeds Contact Us Like this page? Send it to a friend! Descriptors for Sexual Minorities | Asexuality | Homosexuality Heterosexuality | Bisexuality | Polyamory | The Kinsey Scale | The Gender Pronoun Game | Coming Out Embarrassing Questions About Sexual Orientation | Going Back In – Sexuality U-turns Modern culture has developed a number of terms and symbols to set apart its sexual minorities. Some of these originated within the different communities themselves. Others evolved from scientists, psychologists, legislators, and newspaper reporters trying to describe their gay, bisexual, transsexual, and polyamorous subjects. Many include obscure references to history that go largely unrecognized. Words Lesbian The word lesbian comes from the Greek island Lesbos, where the poet Sappho lived in 600 BC. Sappho wrote numerous poems about her female love, most of which were destroyed by religious fanatics during the Middle Ages. While the first usage of the word lesbian is unknown, it was used in several academic books as early as 1880. The word became more popular during the 20th Century, especially during the feminist era. The term ‘lesbian separatist’ was commonly used to distinguish feminists who wished to avoid the company of men altogether. Fag, Faggot, Fag Hag ‘Fag’ and ‘faggot’ are American insults for gay men. The term ‘faggot’ first started being used in this way in around 1914, but it is not clear where the word came from. A faggot is a bundle of sticks, used for firewood and tied up for carrying around. In the 16th century it was used as an insulting term for a useless old woman as something that weighs you down, in the same way that ‘baggage’ is sometimes used nowadays. But it’s quite a jump from 1592 to 1914 with nothing recorded in between. Gay men in the latter half of the 20th Century began using the term ‘fag hag’ to refer to straight women who frequently gather at gay establishments, partly as an insult and partly because of the rhyme. Dyke Contrary to popular belief, the origin of the insult ‘dyke’1, in reference to lesbians, has nothing to do with waterways or canals. The word first appeared in 1710 in British newspaper stories about presumed homosexuals Anne Bonny and Mary Reed. The two women captained a very successful pirate venture and completed several lucrative raids of the British Empire before agreeing to be interviewed. Reporters often noted their predilection for wearing men’s clothing, and one editorial avoided the unpleasant connotations of cross dressing by using a French word which refers to men’s clothing, dike. Over the years, this term was corrupted to the modern form ‘dyke’. Since then, general misunderstanding about the term’s origins have inspired many stand-up comedy routines and bad puns. Polyamory, Polygamy, Monogamy The prefix ‘poly-‘ means many, while ‘mono’ means one. The suffix ‘gamy’ was originally from the French word for marriage, but has since been misunderstood as referring to sex. These terms refer to the number of consensual romantic partners taken by each adult in a family. Of course, the suffix ‘amory’ refers to love. Polyamory is a relatively new term coined by modern practitioners, and is greatly preferred by them. Polygamy and the now defunct term bigamy were coined as early as 1800, as the practice of multiple marriages was outlawed in most Western nations. The state of Utah in the USA applied for Statehood three times before finally accepting an injunction against the polygamy practised at that time by the Mormon church. Polygamy is commonly understood as referring to heterosexual relationships where the man has multiple partners. However, with modern polyamory any combination of genders and orientations fulfills the definition. It is not necessary for all parties in a polyamorous relationship to be involved each with the other. Gay During the 1800s and early 1900s, ‘gay’ was simply a state of jubilant happiness. However, during the late 1800s gay was sometimes used to describe prostitutes in much the same way that the phrase ‘happy hookers’ is used today. One theory is that gay came into use to describe homosexual men because of the rise in numbers of male prostitutes during the 1900s. Another theory is that ‘gay’ was Bisexuality Politicised. (2016, Aug 04).

The Family Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Family Business - Essay Example However, growing up, my legs seemed to straighten out while my hair finally flattened out. However, this only preceded my puberty struggles with acne and braces. This period also marked a growing bond between my father and me as he taught me the power of words and how to use words to break barriers. It also marked my increased appreciation of family. My father was especially fond of what he liked to refer to as â€Å"a family night†, which was a monthly ritual where, as family members, we came together for various activities. It involved family councils that involved everyone speaking out their mind, and we believed that all we did and said really mattered and would result in actions. This would be followed by the board or card games that my father would use to incorporate moral lessons and the value of family. This would give way to song and inspired dance, which was interspersed with stories from my elder brother who was quite the master storyteller. Ice cream, of course, wa s never far off, and it was probably the only way to keep my younger sister interested. As the fifth child and second son in a family of eight children, these family nights were quite the event; rarely did any pass without some form of event. These varied from straight out fights, hair pulling, and a number of fistfights between my older brother and me. One evening, my mother insisted that we all sat down and watched Sound of Music, which I found quite long. In the end, she asked us if we had seen any similarities between the Vontrap family and our family. Seething from an earlier altercation with my brother, I replied that the eldest son did not seem to have a girlfriend. This resulted in a fight that my family enjoyed greatly except, of course, for my mother who was horrified. While everyone else seemed to have positive things to say about the movie, I had only seen a nun and children. It is only years later that I realized why my mother had insisted that we watch the movie, as we ll as the lesson she was trying to teach us. Growing up, my mother had to work long hours usually left us in the care of our elder siblings. This normally resulted in numerous fights, which ended up hurting my mother very much. She had wanted us to see that siblings should stick together through thick and thin and that we were all expected to get along. In addition, our father was home most of the time as he worked from home and we had given him a lot of problems growing up. He never complained, however, and was always smiling. In fact, he had wrinkles at the corners of his eyes from his smiling. The movie took a sympathetic view of a father left, with many children, to look after; I fail to remember how many children the Captain had. Thinking back, I wish I had given my father the peace he so craved, but being me, I always pestered him and never gave him a chance to rest. One July morning, when the dew was still nestling on the garden leaves, my father took me out into the woods an d sat me on a dead log. Slowly, he pulled out a cotton handkerchief from his pocket and unfolded it.

Contemporary Issues in Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Contemporary Issues in Finance - Essay Example This paper is a brief article about the financial crisis which was being identified by the end of 2007 till the beginning of 2008. It was due to the ill-effects of the crisis that regulatory reforms were taken by US, UK and EU regions. This paper will thereby focus on the regulatory reforms adopted by these nations in the milieu of the 2008 financial crisis. Regulatory Framework of US Financial crisis is often termed as an unknown disturbance which leads to erosion of the total financial market of a country or a nation. By the end of 2007, with the identification of the financial crisis, US and other globalised economies become highly concerned about their survival as a global power. Most businesses ruined and were forecasted to lose approximately $ 2.7 trillion in this crisis (Rude, 2008). As a result, unemployment was at its highest stage. With this concern, the US government concentrated on keeping the banks and most significant businesses alive to overcome the unwanted danger. Th e crisis acted promptly drafting many important pieces of legislation or necessary changes and charting the post-crisis financial regulatory framework. But it was not an easy task; it comprised of numerous hurdles within it. The fundamental role in reforming the financial policies in the US was played by Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) and Financial Stability Board (FSB). They developed a DFA (Dodd-Frank Act), which is a framework of reforms to prevent the consequences arising due to such turmoil (Rude, 2008). The vital elements in reformation of US economy relates to the steps taken to develop a financially stable future as well as resizing of the international financial system, so that the need of the economy can be better served (Rude, 2008). It is worth mentioning that the decline of capital regulation in US was not only due to the ad hoc financial events but was also due to a direct consequence of ineffective design and substance of regulatory capital initiates. T he detailed structure could not prevent the large financial institutions from failing. Apart from this, the unskilled leverage ratio turned out to be the most important constraint which ultimately proved beneficial (Rude, 2008). Requirement of capital was the most prevailing area of concern against bank failures after the crisis. Furthermore, the resolution procedures, another regulatory reform which was considered as a better process other than bankruptcy to deal with the problems of insolvency of financial institutions. This states that the framework of banks needed to be extended to other financial institutions in order to safeguard the large institutions in the financial services market. After the crisis, there was bail-out of many institutions due their inability to bear the failure of cross-border banks (Rude, 2008). This led to other regulatory reforms in the aftermath of the crisis, which resulted in dramatically increase of capital and liquidity buffers of the bank. The ref orms enforced after the crisis mainly focuses on two perspectives, i.e. market-restricting approach and market-harnessing approach. The market-restricting approach mainly concentrates on deflating the commercial institutions along with the intention to limit the size of these institutions and reduce the investments in the market. On the other

Welsh childhood Essay Example for Free

Welsh childhood Essay Dylan Marlais Thomas was born in the Welsh seaport of Swansea, Carmarthenshire, Wales, on October 27, 1914. His father, David John, was an English teacher and a would-be poet from whom Dylan inherited his intellectual and literary abilities. From his mother, Florence, a simple and religious woman, Dylan inherited his mood, temperament, and respect for his Celtic heritage. He had one older sister, Nancy. He attended the Swansea Grammar School, where he received all of his formal education. As a student he made contributions to the school magazine and was keenly interested in local folklore (stories passed down within a culture). He said that as a boy he was small, thin, indecisively active, quick to get dirty, curly. During these early school years, Thomas befriended Daniel Jones, another local schoolboy. The two would write hundreds of poems together, and as adults Jones would edit a collection of Thomass poetry. After leaving school, Thomas supported himself as an actor, reporter, reviewer, scriptwriter, and with various odd jobs. When he was twenty-two years old, he married Caitlin Macnamara, by whom he had two sons, Llewelyn and Colm, and a daughter, Aeron. After his marriage, Thomas moved to the fishing village of Laugharne, Carmarthenshire. Begins writing career To support his growing family, Thomas was forced to write radio scripts for the Ministry of Information (Great Britains information services) and documentaries for the British government. He also served as an aircraft gunner during World War II (1939–45; a war fought between Germany, Japan, and Italy, the Axis powers; and England, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States, the Allies). After the war he became a commentator on poetry for the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). In 1950 Thomas made the first of three lecture tours through the Reproduced by permission of AP/Wide World Photos . United States—the others were in 1952 and 1953—in which he gave more than one hundred poetry readings. In these appearances he half recited, half sang the lines in his Welsh singing voice. Thomass poetic output was not large. He wrote only six poems in the last six years of his life. A grueling lecture schedule greatly slowed his literary output in these years. His belief that he would die young led him to create instant Dylan—the persona of the wild young Welsh bard, damned by drink and women, that he believed his public wanted. When he was thirty-five years old, he described himself as old, small, dark, intelligent, and darting-doting-dotting eyed †¦ balding and toothlessing. During Thomass visit to the United States in 1953, he was scheduled to read his own and other poetry in some forty university towns throughout the country. He also intended to work on the libretto (text) of an opera for Igor Stravinsky (1882–1971) in the latters California home. Thomas celebrated his thirty-ninth birthday in New York City in a mood of gay exhilaration, following the extraordinary success of his just-published Collected Poems. The festivities ended in his collapse and illness. On November 9, 1953, he died in St. Vincents Hospital in New York City. Some reports attribute his death to pneumonia brought on by alcoholism, others to encephalopathy, a brain disease. His body was returned to Laugharne, Wales, for burial. Literary works Thomas published his first book of poetry, Eighteen Poems (1934), when he was not yet twenty years old. The reeling excitement of a poetry-intoxicated schoolboy smote the Philistine as hard a blow with one small book as Swinburne had with Poems and Ballads, wrote Kenneth Rexroth. Thomass second and third volumes were Twenty-five Poems (1936) and The Map of Love (1939). The poems of his first three volumes were collected in The World I Breathe (1939). By this time Thomas was being hailed as the most spectacular of the surrealist poets, or poets who used fantastic imagery of the subconscious in their verse. He acknowledged his debt to James Joyce (1882–1941) and dotted his pages with invented words and puns (the use of two or more words that sound the same, usually for humorous purposes). Thomas also acknowledged his debt to Sigmund Freud (1856–1939), stating: Poetry is the rhythmic, inevitably narrative, movement from an over clothed blindness to a naked vision.†¦ Poetry must drag further into the clear nakedness of light more even of the hidden causes than Freud could realize. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog (1940) is a collection of humorous autobiographical (having to do with writing about oneself) sketches. Thomas loved the wild landscape of Wales, and he put much of his childhood and youth into these stories. He published two more new collections of poetry, both of which contained some of his finest work: Deaths and Entrances (1946) and In Country Sleep (1951). Collected Poems, 1934–1953 (1953) contains all of his poetry that he wished to preserve. Themes and style Thomas claimed that his poetry was the record of my individual struggle from darkness toward some measure of light.†¦ To be stripped of darkness is to be clean, to strip of darkness is to make clean. He also wrote that his poems with all their crudities, doubts, and confusions, are written for the love of man and in praise of God, and Id be a damned fool if they werent. Passionate and intense, vivid and violent, Thomas wrote that he became a poet because I had fallen in love with words. His sense of the richness and variety and flexibility of the English language shines through all of his work. The theme of all of Thomass poetry is the celebration of the divine (godly) purpose he saw in all human and natural processes. The cycle of birth and flowering and death, of love and death, are also found throughout his poems. He celebrated life in the seas and fields and hills and towns of his native Wales. In some of his shorter poems he sought to recapture a childs innocent vision of the world. Thomas was passionately dedicated to his sullen art, and he was a competent, finished, and occasionally complex craftsman. He made, for example, more than two hundred versions of Fern Hill before he was satisfied with it. His early poems are relatively mysterious and complex in sense but simple and obvious in pattern. His later poems, on the other hand, are simple in sense but complex in sounds. Under Milk Wood, a radio play commissioned by the BBC (published 1954), was Thomass last completed work. This poem-play is not a drama but a parade of strange, outrageous, and charming Welsh villagers. During the twenty-four hours presented in the play, the characters remember and ponder the casual and crucial moments of their lives. Adventures in the Skin Trade and Other Stories (1955) contains all the uncollected stories and shows the wit and humor that made Thomas an enchanting companion.

free speech or just offensive -- essays research papers

Free Speech or Just Offensive? A highly debated topic as of late has been the staggering rise of offensive language and topics of the music industry, which have infiltrated through. Should the artists of this music be punished for corrupting the minds of the people who listen to it? Or should the musician's rights be protected by the first amendment? The main problem to be seen is that this music has become extremely popular to the youth. With this popularity comes blow after blow from the media, parents, and organizations putting down the music because they believe it's corrupting the children. All of these criticisms towards music have even made the government step in and put parental advisory warnings on the CD's. This lets the consumer know that the CD they are buying has adult language, violence, or sexual references in the songs. The government has also set an age minimum of seventeen years old to even purchase the offensive CD's. After all of this is said and done, the albums are still selling millions of copies. It is a whole different market today, set on exploiting the rebels "fuck you I won't do what you tell me" attitude of the youth. "Big bucks is the name of the game.† says music critic Harvey Bickle. This implies that these stars that have risen from this music are only doing so to make themselves a quick buck. Whether or not this is true, we still support these stars and will continue to do so. But is there any evidence that the music is hurting anyone? Many reasons offensive music has been blamed can be documented through past incidences. During the Columbine shooting, the media was blaming the music of Marlin Manson because of his dark songs. This idea of music creating violence is not a new one. In 1982 ACDC put out a song called Night Stalker on their album. Later on that year, a killer roamed the countryside while assuming the alias Night Stalker, and was convinced that the lyrics from ACDC's song drove him to do these disgusting acts of murder. Many cases like this have been brought to court, but notably, not one has proved their case against the artist. How could we come to the conclusion that the music caused these mass killings and riots a... ...r a redress of grievances." (Duemler, David 34). This basically means that as an artist or regular person, one may speak or illustrate anything without being punished or revised as long as it is done so in a respectable manner. There is even an entire organization supporting and fighting for the first amendment for artist called the Recording Industry Association of America, or RIAA. It is ironic that the amendment that protects the artist is also the amendment that allows people to protest against it. Overall the point is that most of our basic laws come from these amendments, and they are what America was built on, so how can we accuse artists of breaking the law when all they were doing was following it? Although the music industry is becoming more and more controversial, it still does not give anyone the right to ban or prosecute someone’s music, because an artist has the right to a freedom of expression. People who disagree with this, can choose not buy the music or change the station when it's on the radio, but they cannot destroy it or the artist because freedom of speech is what makes this country so great and free.

Performance and Breach of Sales Contract

Running head: Performance and Breach of Sales Contract Performance and Breach of Sales Contract Quynh Nguyen Upper Iowa University BA 302: Business Law Instructor: Paul Croushore Jun 3, 2009 Sales Contract: A sale occurs when there is an exchange of goods or other property from the seller to the buyer for money. In order to create in each party a duty to do or not to do something and a right to performance of the other’s duty or a remedy for the breach of the other’s duty, we need to set up a contract. Obligations of the parties:The obligations of the parties, as assigned in the terms of the contract, are governed by the general law of contracts. The obligation of the seller is to furnish the goods, as agreed upon, the buyer to pay therefore. Thus, when the seller offers to turn the goods over to the buyer and when the buyer offers to pay for them, tender of performance occurs. The seller must make tender of delivery and the buyer must make tender of payment. ?Tender of delivery by Seller: To be in a position to bring suit on a sales contract, the seller of goods must make tender of delivery, that is, offer to turn the goods over to the buyer.Failure to make this offer is an excuse for buyers not to perform their part of the bargain. The seller must put and hold the goods at the buyer’s disposition and notify the buyer that the goods are being tendered during reasonable hours and for a reasonable period of time. In a shipment contract, the seller must put the goods in the possession of a carrier and contract with that carrier for their transportation. Any necessary documents must be sent to the buyer, who must be promptly notified of the shipment.If the seller does not make a reasonable contract for delivery or notify the buyer and a material delay or loss results, the buyer has the right to reject the shipment. Suppose the goods are perishable, such as fresh produce, and the seller does not ship them in a refrigerated truck or railroad car . If the produce deteriorates in transit, the buyer can reject the produce on the ground that the seller did not make a reasonable contract for shipping it. Sometimes the goods are in the possession of a warehouse and are to be turned over to the buyer without being moved.When this situation occurs, tender requires that the seller either tender a document of title covering the goods or obtain an acknowledgement by the warehouse of the buyer’s right to their possession. The risk of loss as to the goods remains with the seller until the warehouse agrees to hold them for the buyer. ?Tender of payment by Buyer: Tender of payment by buyer means offering to turn the money over to the seller. Normally, the buyer has the right to inspect the goods before accepting or paying for them. However, when a contract requires payment before inspection, as when the goods are shipped c. . d. (cash on delivery), the buyer must pay for them first, even if they turn out to be defective when they a re inspected. Of course, if the defect is obvious, the buyer would not have to accept or to pay for the goods. Payment by the buyer before inspecting the goods does not constitute an acceptance of them. Unless the seller demands cash, the buyer may pay for the goods by personal check or by any other method used in the ordinary course of business. If the seller demands cash, the seller must give the buyer a reasonable amount of time to obtain it.Payment by check is conditional on the check’s being honored by the bank when it is presented for payment. If the check clears, the debt is discharged. If the check is dishonored, the debt is revived. In that case, the buyer does not have the right to retain the goods and must give them back to the seller. Buyer’s rights and duties upon delivery of improper goods: Except when a contract requires payment before inspection, as when the goods are shipped c. o. d. as mentioned above, the buyer has the right to inspect the goods befo re accepting them or paying for them.When defective goods or goods not of the kind specified in the contract are delivered, the buyer may elect to reject them all, accept them all, or accept any commercial unit or units and reject the rest. ?Acceptance: Acceptance of goods occurs when a buyer, after having a reasonable opportunity to inspect them, either indicates that he will take them or fails to reject them. When the buyer accept goods and later discovers something wrong with them, the buyer must notify the seller within the reasonable time after the discovery. The failure to give proper notice will prevent the buyer from having recourse against the seller.The buyer is obligated to goods that are accepted. If the buyer accept all the goods sold, she is, of course, responsible for the full purchase price. If the buyer accepts only part of the goods, she must pay for that part at the contract rate. ?Rejection: A rejection occurs when a buyer refuses to accept delivery of goods tend ered. A rejection must be done within a reasonable time after delivery or tender to the buyer. In addition, the buyer must notify the seller of the particular defect in the goods so as to give the seller an opportunity to correct the defect.If the seller gives no instructions within a reasonable time after being notified of the rejection, the buyer may store the goods for the seller, reship them to the seller, or resell them for the seller. In all case, the buyer is entitled to be reimbursed for expenses. ?Revocation of acceptance: If a buyer has accepted the goods on the assumption that their nonconformity would be corrected by the seller and the seller does not do so, the buyer may revoke the acceptance. This revocation must be made within a reasonable time after the buyer discovers the nonconformity.A revocation of an acceptance is not effective until the buyer notifies the seller of it. Buyers who revoke an acceptance have the same rights and duties with regards to the goods inv olved as if they had rejected them. Seller’s right to cure improper tender: If the seller has some reason to believe that the buyer would accept non conforming goods, then the seller can take a reasonable time to reship the conforming goods. The seller has this opportunity even if the original time for delivery has expired. In all cases, sellers must notify buyers that they are going to cure the improper tender or delivery.The seller does not have the right to cure improper tender when a buyer accepts nonconforming goods, even though the buyer may later sue the seller for breach of contract. The seller has the right only when the buyer either rejects the goods tendered or revokes an acceptance of the goods. Breach of Contract: Breach of contract occurs when one of the parties fails to do what was agreed upon in the contract. An anticipatory breach must be made by an act which indicates the party will not complete the work. When breaches happen, the ther party to the contract has specific remedies available under the UCC. ?Seller’s remedies: The buyer may breach the contract in a number of ways. The most common are: by wrongfully refusing to accept goods, by wrongfully returning goods, by failing to pay for goods when payment is due, and by indicating an unwillingness to go ahead with the contract. When a buyer breaches a sales contract, the seller may select from a number of remedies: ? Cancellation and withholding of delivery: If the goods have not been delivered. The seller has the right to keep them upon learning of the buyer’s breach.If the seller is in the process of manufacturing the goods, she has two choices. She may complete manufacture of the goods, or she may stop manufacturing and sell the uncompleted goods for their scrap or salvage value. In choose between these alternatives, the seller should select the alternative that will minimize the loss. ?Stop delivery of the goods: if after shipping the goods, the seller discover that the buyer is insolvent (unable to pay debts), the seller may have the delivery stop by before the goods reach their destination.However, if the insolvency information is incorrect, both the seller and the carrier could be sued for damages suffered by the carrier for not completing the shipment. ?Resell the goods: the seller may resell the goods or the undelivered balance of them. After the sale, the injured party may sue the other for the difference between what the property brought on resale and the price the buyer had agreed to pay in the contract. A purchaser who buys in good faith at a resale takes the goods free of any rights of the original buyer. Recover damages: the seller may retain the merchandise and sue the buyer for either the difference between the contract price and the market price at the time the buyer breached the agreement or the profit that the seller would have made had the contract been performed. ?Buyer’s remedies: A seller may breach a contract in a n umber of ways: failing to make an agreed delivery, delivery goods that do not conform to the contract, and indicating that he does not intend to fulfill the obligations under the contract. The buyer then may select from a number of remedies: ?Cover the sale: If the seller fails or refuse to deliver the goods called for in the contract, the buyer can similar goods from someone else. Then he can recover as damages from the seller the difference between the contract price and the cost of the substitute goods. ?Keep goods and seek adjustment: when improper goods are delivered, the buyer may keep them and ask the seller for an adjustment. If no adjustment is made, the buyer may sue the seller for either breach of contract or breach of warranty, which ever applies. Sue for specific performance: when the goods are unique or rare, the buyer may ask the court to order the seller to do what he or she agreed to do under the contract terms. This request is known as an action for specific perfor mance of the contract.Reference Mallor, J. P. , Barnes, A. J. , Bowers, T. , Langvardt, A. W. (2005). Business Law, the ethical, global, and e-commerce environment. New York: Mc Graw Hill Miller, R. L. , Jentz, G. A. (2008). Business Law Today. Thomson west.